Condenser



6 Sheets-Sheet l CONDENSER Filed No'v. 25, 1918 A. E. L. scANEs ET As.

May 5, 1925.

AINVENTORS` 'Lw v Clim@ May 5, 1925.

A. E. L. SCANES ET AL coNDENsER i 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 NVEN Maly. 5,!`

1,536,148 A. E.1..scANEs ET Al.

CONDENSER Filed NOV. 25, 1918 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS (/Nq'll iNvENToR LwklLrL Sgm* 14.1.4 bu;

M ay, 1925.

2 A A. E. L. SCANES ET AL coNDENsER 1 Filed Nov. 25 191e e sheets-sheet 5 wwf, mi..

May 5, 1,925.

1,536,148 A. E. l.. SCANES ET AL CONDENSER Filed Nov. 25, 1918 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTUM amdM 451m@ Lc Smm `Patented May 5, 1925.

V UNITED STATES PATENTopinar-i,

ARTHUR EDWIN LnIGII'scANEs, or AsHToN-oN-MRRSEY, ANnoTiIo- ROBERT vEnITY,

or HALE, ENGLAND, AssIGNoRs, BY MnsNE ASSIGNMENTS, To WEsTINGHoUsE IILECTRICAND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION on `IfnNNsYLvANIA.

CONDENSER.

Applicationilledv November 25, 1918. Seriallo. 64,029.`

To all whomvif/may concern:

.Be it known that We, ARTHUR EDWIN. LEIGH SoANns, a subject vof the King of Great Britain, and a resident of Ashton-on Mersey, inthe county of Chester, England, and THoRoBRRT VERITY, a subject of the King. of Great Britain, and a resident of Hale, inthe. countyv of Chesten'lngland,r

have invented a new and useful Improve` ment in or Relating to Condensers, of which:

the `following is a specification.l

This invention relates to condensers and the like for use in connection with steam engines, turbines, evaporating plant and other apparatus, and hasfor its object to reduce the amount of metal employed in the construction `of such devices.` j

.Steam condensers comprise a shell or body portion with, in the case of surface condensers, tubesthrough or round which condensing Water is circulated and, `in the,

case ofjet condensers, a Water supply device or jet, and various other. accessories such as pumps, inlet and outlet pipes, vvaterboxes `and the like.`

Whole of these parts are usually formed of metal, the "shell or body portion together. with various other parts being of cast-iron' or steel..

` Aocordin to the present invention, the

shell or bo y and such other parts as may bedesirable are formed of concrete, brick or other cementitious or clay material which in some cases may be reinforced with metal as employed in the well-known `ferro-concrete construction. The inlet and` `outlet pipes, `thefpumps, tubes, manhole covers,

water .boxes` and other` accessory l parts,

which it is lnecessary orpreierable to form of metal are attached by suitable joints, and if necessary Vto metallic seats embedded in or otherwise `secured inthe concrete or nonmetallic parts of the condenser. I In cases Where the engine or other apparatus with Which the condenser is to be ernployed is supported on comparatively large concrete foundations, said foundations may bemade hollow in such a Way as to form `the condenser shell or body, and by this means i the space `occupied by the entire plant may be reduced, and in many cases the cost of construction may also be reduced.

Inorder that the invention may be clearly understood it will `.now be described with Ashitherto constructedv the` reference to the accompanyin drawings Fig. l is a longitudinalsectional elevation of, a surface condenser constructed in accordance With the invention:V Fig. 2 is av section on the line- ILL-II, Fig. l, and Fi 3 isa horizontal section on the line III--I Fig. 1; Figs.` 4 and 5 are views similar to Fig. l illustrating modifications.` Fig. 6 is:

a. detail. sectional `vievs7 hereinafter Aex,- plained. Figs. 7 and 8 are .vertical sectional elevations illustrating 'the invention as applied to jet condensers..`

Referring now to Figs. l to 3, the condenser therein illustrated is intended for use with a. `steam turbine, `the. exhaust fof which is indicated at l and which is supported on concrete foundations 2.- I The foundations are constructed with a Vlarge hollow space which forms theshell or wall of: the condenser, the upper opening lor steam inlet 3 being provided ,with ametallic piece .4 grouted into the concrete which may form part of the bed-plate `for the turbine."

The tube plates 5 at the end of -the condenser shell Vare. lsecured to metallic rings 6 also grouted into suitable openings leading. to

vthe hollow space Within the foundations 2.

plates 8 mountedon side supports 9 in a manner shown by way of example in Fig.`2,\ and a suitable stay 10 may beprovidedse curedl to the tube, plates and sagging-plates as indicated in Figs. l and 3. The cover plates 11 for the water heads ofthe condenser may be made of cast iron or other metal, one of which is secured vto the 4.ring 6 at one end of the condenser and the other being bolted or otherwise secured to an annular part l2 which is bolted to `the ring 6 atfthe Vother end of the condenser. Thel inlet and outlet for the circulating Water `are led into the vvaterhead at'one end, this beingdivided as indicated in Fig. l by `a horizontal partition 13 so that the Water passes through the tubes inthe one direction to the other end of the condenser and then returnsl `backthrough the other portion ofthe `tubes the rcondenser bothfor steam l'and for metal ange or seating -to vkvvhiehthe suction pipe from thefcondensing pump. may be attached. One or more conduits lin the foundations provides an outlet through which fair and' 'non-condenvsable gases are 'extra'cted'.' 17 is 'a conduit through which the turbine may 'e'Xh'austto 'the atmosphere when the condenser is out of service. A suitable amount of space is left around the condenser tubes at the sides .as shown at 181m Figs. 2 and 3 to permit of a passage round inspection purposes, admission thereto Ibeing obtained through the "exhaust steam opening at, the 'top or through the `conduit 17, or a suitable manhole-and passage .provided in the foundations .not .shown .in the dra-wings. Referring new to :Fi-g. @the construction therein- .shown differs from that illustrated in Figs'. l to'f of the drawings in that the left-hand cover isal'so formed 'of part of ythe conrete foundations 'as indicated at 1.9, a man-hole with cover beingv provided at 2O to lgive access to the left-hand' tube plate The annular part '.12 shown inl Fig. l 'of the drawings which forms the right-hand water head fin plane of being ina-de of metal is formed :by a -continn-ation of the founda tions as shown at 2l and the rig-hlteh'and cover plateA ll is secured 'aga-inst 'a suitable seatiingif by mea-ns 'of 4bolts or other suit ahlemeans. The tube plate 5 may be supported from the oo-yer Iplate by tension'stays 23. .In this drawing an expansion piece '24 is .indicated :between the turbine exhaust 1 and the' steam inlet 3 to the condenser', 'a similar-'expansion' piece may of course be provided if 'necessary in the construction shown in Eig. l. Y

Fifgt 5 illustrates a construction in which the ycondenser ydoes u'ot actualfly form part of the toun'dations but the shell 25 is constructed concrete formed with suitable openings for the entry of )steam at 3 and for the removalv 'of the condensate fa'ft 14. Seatin-gs )261 are provid-ed 'for the tuloe plates 5 which are held in position by a series of bolts 27 passingffr'oni end to end 'of the shell.

Where the steam inlet -3 is provided the' bolts for securing the tuloe tachedy `to a metal part 28 crete shell7 the upper part vof which forms a 'seating' 29 tov ywhich the turbine exhaust or expansioili piece nray be secured. coversV lll for-'the water boxes are secured against ,seatings 30 by bolts y2311 passing from one end tothe other'ort the shell or h( ving their inner ends secured to. the metal Apart 28 as shown near the itop of the drawing.

plates .may be fat- ,The tube plate forms al comparatively large #item in the cost `of,const'ructin-g a lcondenser and in large-condensers it may .be :ardvantageously constructed in reinforced yconcrete, in 'order to reduce the cost. The provision l'of the large numb-er of orifices lin eiirbeclfcled in con- The which the tubes are inserted renders it necessary.l hou'f'ever, .that attention 'should be vgiven to the arrangement of the reinforcing materiall so that adequate strength maybe provided without interfering with the tube openings. ilso special provision must, 0i course7 be made for fluid tight joints between the tubes and the plate. ris an example showing how this part of the invention can be carried 'out in practice the reinforcing material may take the form of one or preferably a plurality of sheets `of what is well known as expanded metal, the pitch or distance between the centres of the orifices in themetal being chosen to `correspond with the distance desired between adjacenttubes. Gfbviously various materials may be .used for reinforcing, for example a `steel network having meshes of a ,proper pitch or plates perforated with holes in positions corresponding to those of the tubes. yin the tube plate may be employed. (lne method of connecting the 'tubes to the tube plate is shown in detail in Fig.. -G which is a Alrag'inentary sectional View drawn to an enlarged scale o-f `a ferrofconc'rete turbe plate having a tube connected thereto. In this ligure the concrete portion of the tube .plate is indicated at '32 :and the reinforcing ifi-letal is indicated at The concrete is moulded from-1d a tube 34 with flanged ends having its out-er-end screw-threaded internally 'as shown at The internal ci'anfiete-r of the ytube v54 cor responds with the yexternal `diameter of the condenser` tube which is secured in position'by .'mcainsof a tfhimible 3T provided with an .internally projecting flange $38 which abuts against the end 'of the condenser t/ube, the thlimble 3T is screwed intoy the end of the tube 34 and suitable packing 39 is placed between the inner end of lthe thin'ihle 'and the shoulder formed -on the tube34 so that a tlluid tight joint is provided.l @ther ifneans for securing the condenser tubes to the tube plate may obviously `be employed.

iin Fig.. 7 `the .inventionr is fshown as Japplied 'to a' jet condenser the `outer Wall of which is formed lby the concret-e foundations 40 of the plant. The steamiinlet is indicated at 41, thewater :inlet at d2, the air outlet at 43 `and 'the condenser outlet at 114. The

water inlet is connected' with :a head 45 which may7 convenienti-y be formed off meta/l provided with a series off spray nozzles 4G of the lordinati-y type. The steam inlet 4l is filrnished with `a seating" 1li to which the steal-n sififppiy pipe or eXrl'ia'ust pipe can be connected.

ln Fig. 8 a condenser of wha/t commonly called the counter-flow tyipe is shown, the condenser receptacle is formed by a ycavity of suit-able size i-n the foundations 48H01? the plant, the steam is admitted through the conduit 49 and the vcondensing waterthrough the yconduit 5d, the lair suction is indicated uit lll) ` known 5l and the outlet for condensate at 52. A plate 53 divides the rc-ceptacleinto two parts and is `furnished with Water oritices through which the cooling Water passes to thelower part ot the condenser, and suitable battles 54 and 55 are supported Within the condenser in any convenient manner. `The plate 53 and baitles may conveniently be formed of concrete or like material it' desired.

It will be understood that the general details of the condensers and accessory ittings `may be of any usualor suitable description y and that suitable provision is made for securingproper fluid tight joints of parts Where necessary. Such constructional details are well known to those skilled in the art and no further description thereotl is deemednecessary.

The non-metallic. portions of the improved condensers are hereinabove described as consisting of concrete but it will be understood that brick or other ccnientitious material may be employedand intended to be lincluded in this term. covers 'for the water boxes may also be in the case of large constructions be conveniently7 formed of the same material. The concrete may be reinforced it' desired as in the well t'erro-concrete constructions and where an abnormallyhigh steam tempera` ture is anticipated it is advantageous to protect some parts of the inside of the condenser trom the direct action ot the steam by the provision of a comparatively thin metallic lining" or by the use of glazed brick' or the like. y

7e claim as our invention zl. In av surface condenser, having the shell The tube plates and `tions material of the tube plate.

2. A tube plate for surface condensers comprising a body portion composed of reinl'orced concrete and a sleeve having a ange embedded in .concrete and adapted to receive a condenser tube. l

i 3. A tube plate for surface condensers comprising a body portion constructed of cen'xentitious material having a plurality of parallelly disposed metallic re-enforcing plates embedded therein and a metallic sleeve extending through the concrete and adapted to receive a condenser tube.

t. A tube plate for surface` condensers comprising a body crete and a sleeve aving anged ends embedded in the concrete and adapted to re ceive a condenser tube.. i v

5. A tube plate for surface condensers comprisinga body portion composed of concrete and a sleeve having flanged ends embedded in the concrete and adapted .to re-` ceive a condenser tube,` the ends of said sleeve bein substantially flush With the surtace of sai body portion.

` In testimony whereof We have hereunto subscribedour names this 22nd day ot' August, 1918.

ARTHUR EDWIN LEIGH SCANES. OTHO ROBERT VERITY. Witnesses:

O. PoA'roWLo,

G. D1 EorrA.

portion composed of conl 

